Industrial testing guide
Electronics Manufacturing Inspection
AOI, X-ray, electrical test and traceability concepts for electronics production.
Safety boundary: this page is conceptual. It does not provide ionizing-radiation source handling, pressure-test procedures, hazardous chemical recipes, energized test instructions, machine settings or robot operation.
What this topic covers
AOI, X-ray, electrical test and traceability concepts for electronics production.
Core testing ideas
Electronic assemblies combine visible solder joints with hidden connections and functional requirements.
AOI, X-ray and electrical tests answer different questions.
Detailed energized testing and rework procedures are outside this site's scope.
Measurement and method limits
Multiple methods are often complementary because dimensional, surface and internal conditions are different.
Evidence and traceability
Acceptance and qualification requirements should come from the governing product or engineering specification.
Using the result
Testing and inspection evidence should remain connected to material, process and product history.